HOME Visas Visa to Greece Visa to Greece for Russians in 2016: is it necessary, how to do it

Presentations on the history of the emergence of money. Presentation for the financial literacy lesson "history of money"

Economics Presentation on the topic of: "The History of Money"

Economics teacher

GKOU VSOSH No. 7 of the Volgograd region Selezneva S.G.

2014



The first money on Earth

Dried fish Buffalo Cowrie shells

(Iceland) (India) (Primorye)

Salt (Africa) Feathers (Oceania) Tea (China)


What was the first money in the Russian state?

  • The skins of animals - arctic fox, squirrel, sable, marten - served as money.

were called Coons.


Why did people switch to money made of gold and silver?

Pieces of gold

Gold bars

Golden coins


Where and when did the first coins appear?

  • IN ancient state Lydia (located in the territory of modern Turkey)
  • In the 7th century BC.

Herodotus mentions in his manuscripts the first Lydian coins of 687 BC. They were made from pieces of electra (a natural alloy of silver and gold). Electra was found in the mountain streams of Lydia. This alloy was heated to soften it, placed on a plate and hammered. The image is embossed on one side of the blank and identifies them as coins.


Why were metallic money called coins?

  • IN Ancient Greece in the 8th century BC The first mint was located in the temple of the goddess Juno-Coin.
  • In honor of the goddess Juno the Coin, minted pieces of gold and silver were called coins.

What is a coin?

  • A coin is a monetary sign made of metal on which a drawing is depicted using the minting method.
  • Obverse – the front side of the coin
  • Reverse – reverse side coins
  • Edge - edge of a coin

Gold 5 rubles 1899

Gold 5 rubles 1899 reverse


What shape did the coins have?

  • In Ancient China there were coins of various shapes up to 60 cm in length.

Money bells

Money-keys

Money shirts

Money-swords

Money-fish

Money-amulets


  • The hryvnia is the first monetary unit in Rus' in the 11th-13th centuries.
  • The form of the hryvnia is a silver stripe or decoration up to 200 gr.

Where did the word ruble come from?

  • From the word scar.
  • When casting rubles, a seam from the casting mold remained on the metal ingot. This seam was called a “rub” or “cica”. "Ruble" is an ingot with a seam.

XIV century in Rus'

They began to mint small coins called money


  • In the 14th century, under Ivan III, a drawing of a horseman with a spear and a horseman with a saber was minted on a silver coin. This is where the names kopek and sablyannitsa came from.

  • The coin took on the appearance of a perfect circle
  • A decimal monetary system was introduced, i.e. there are 100 kopecks in 1 ruble.
  • Money was issued in various denominations from rubles to kopecks.

  • China - the birthplace of paper money
  • In 812

  • In the middle of the 18th century under Catherine II

Where and when did plastic money appear?

  • The first plastic money

appeared in France

  • invented them in 1974 and

patented by a Frenchman

Roland Moreno.

  • The progenitor of plastic

money were cardboard and

metal cards

in the USA at the beginning of the twentieth century.


Types of money

commodity symbolic credit

Gold and silver into copper and nickel checks and credit

bars and coins, coins and paper cards

as well as any money

goods with

barter transactions


Stages of money development

  • The emergence of money with random goods performing its functions
  • Assignment of gold to the role of universal equivalent
  • Stage of transition to paper or credit money
  • The gradual displacement of cash from circulation, as a result of which electronic types of payments appeared

  • Numismatics is the science that studies money


HISTORY LESSON in 4th grade "HISTORY OF MONEY"

SKLYAROVA NATALIA ANATOLIEVNA


HISTORY OF MONEY

The first money was completely different from the money we were used to.

In some places, livestock was considered money; in others, salt, grain, tobacco, bird feathers, sea shells, copper bracelets, cotton fabrics, and even dried fish served as money.


HISTORY OF MONEY

In Mexico, the Indians used cocoa beans.

In Canada, in Siberia, in the forest regions of Russia - “fur” money - the skins of fur-bearing animals.

The natives of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean have cowrie shells. Shiny, light, durable, small, they appeared in many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe thanks to Arab merchants.


HISTORY OF MONEY

People tried a lot of “money” until they came to metal money. But we wouldn’t recognize this money either: it was in the form of bars, rings, half rings, twigs, plates, ingots. They were made of silver, gold, copper.

Metal money could be easily divided, cutting off the necessary pieces, and, if necessary, again merged into a single ingot.


HISTORY OF MONEY (For the curious)

"Coin" is a Latin word. It appeared in Ancient Rome. According to legend, the goddess Juno warned the Romans about earthquake –

Senia. As a sign of gratitude, they erected -

the temple and dedicated it JUNO COIN

"Moneo" - I warn you, I warn you .


MONEY IN Rus'

At first, among our ancestors, as elsewhere, livestock or furs served as money, most often squirrels, sable, martens and other

"soft junk"


MONEY IN Rus'

The Russian word “pay” comes from the word « canvas." This is a reminder that the fabric is very labor-intensive to produce and in some areas Ancient Rus' served as money.

Ancient Rus' also knew cowrie shells. They were brought by overseas merchants who traded with Novgorod and Pskov. In Rus' they were called “snake heads”, and they served as small change.


MONEY IN Rus'

Rus' has developed its own monetary system.

The monetary unit was kuna (marten fur)

Nogaty - part of the skin, the paw of an animal.

25 kn were one hryvnia .


MONEY IN Rus'

Hryvnia – silver ingot;

takes its name from the neck, the scruff of the neck.

Hryvnia was a neck decoration


MONEY IN Rus'

For smaller calculations, pieces of silver had to be cut off. These severed pieces were called rubles . Our monetary unit got its name from them.

Rezany - silver scraps -

new coins.


MONEY IN Rus'

Coins have been minted in Rus' since the end of the 10th century. At the beginning of the 13th century, Rus' suffered a great misfortune: the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols. Many cities were destroyed and trade ceased. The minting of coins ceased until the 14th century.


MONEY IN Rus'

Coin minting resumed under the prince Dmitry Donskoy .

The silver coin of Dmitry Donskoy was called "money".

This name comes from the name

oriental coins "tanga".


MONEY IN Rus'

At Ivan the Terrible began to mint coins of the same type.

The coin depicts horseman with a spear. They got the name "penny money" The name comes from them "penny".


MONEY IN Rus'

Peter began minting new coins I . The coins acquired the correct round shape and the same thickness.

Under Peter I The decimal system was established in Russia:

10 kopecks = 1 hryvnia

10 hryvnia = 1 ruble


Probably each of you dreams of collecting a coin collection.(For the curious)


P A R T M O N E T S(For the curious)

REVERSE

OBVERSE

EDGE - edge, side of the coin

LEGEND – inscriptions on coins


PROVERBS ABOUT MONEY

  • Without a penny there is no ruble.
  • Money without legs, but it will go around the whole world.
  • It's not easy to make money, but it's easy to live.
  • Tears flow through gold.
  • Money can't buy intelligence.
  • Easy money doesn't last.
  • Health is more important than money.
  • Some people's ruble is crying, but my penny is jumping.
  • Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.

CROSSWORD "Items-money"

  • Horizontally:
  • Vertically:

2) Homemade…..

5) Fur is soft...


CROSSWORD "Items-money"

  • Horizontally:
  • Vertically:

2) Homemade…..

5) Fur is soft...


SINCE ANCIENT TIMES, THE SLAVS USED VARIOUS ITEMS TO BUY AND SELL GOODS. ONE OF THE MOST COMMON FORMS OF MONEY IN ANCIENT Rus' WAS COWRY SHELLS. In the VIII – IX centuries. DIRHAMS APPEAR IN RUSSIA - LARGE SILVER COINS WITH ARABIC INSTRUCTIONS. DIRHAMS WERE MINTED IN THE ARAB CALIPHATE, AND FROM THERE ARAB MERCHANTS BROUGHT THEM TO THE TERRITORY OF KIEVAN RUS. AT THE END OF THE 10th CENTURY KIEVAN Rus' BEGAN MINTING OWN COINS FROM GOLD AND SILVER. SREBRENIC - THE FIRST RUSSIAN COIN. THE FIRST RUSSIAN COINS WERE CALLED ZLATNIKI AND SREBRENIKIKI. AFTER THE FRAGRANCE IN THE 12TH CENTURY, Rus' WAS ATTACKED BY THE MONGOL-TATARS. IN THE TREASURES OF THESE CENTURIES, INGOTS OF PRECIOUS METALS ARE FOUND IN DIFFERENT SHAPE. , which still exists now: 1 ruble = 10 hryvnia; 1 hryvnia = 10 kopecks.
  • COINS OF NOVGOROD-SEVERSKY PRINCIPALITY DIVISION OF THE RUBLE INTO PETTLE MONEY.
Only in the middle of the 14th century, dividing the ruble hryvnia into two parts, they received half rubles, and quarters into four. Small coins were made from the ruble - money. To do this, the ruble hryvnia was pulled into a wire, chopped into small pieces, each of them was flattened and a coin was minted.
  • COINS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE
Under Ivan III, Rus' became a single state. Now each prince could no longer mint his own coins. The monarch was at the head of the state, only he had the right to do so. , and the size is about a watermelon seed. The smallest coin was the "half coin". It was equal to a quarter of a penny (half money). Before Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, the year of issue was not marked on Russian coins. This king for the first time began to stamp a date on kopecks.
  • A KOPEY IN THE TIMES OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE GRADUALLY RUBLE BULLONDS DISAPPEARED FROM CIRCULATION. MONEY IN RUSSIA WAS COUNTED IN RUBLES, BUT THE RUBLE AS A COIN DID NOT EXIST, THE RUBLE REMAINED ONLY A CONVENTIONAL UNIT OF ACCOUNT.
COINS OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA IN MARCH 1704, BY DECREE OF PETER I, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN RUSSIA, SILVER RUBLE COINS BEGAN TO BE MADE. AT THE SAME TIME, THEY RELEASED A FIFTY KENYNIK, A HALF FIFTY KENINIK, A KRYVENNIK EQUAL TO 10 KOPEYKS, A PICHLE WITH THE INSTRUCTION “10 MONEY” AND AN ALTYN.
  • Altyn
ALTYN
  • The name "Altyn" is Tatar. "Alty" means six. The ancient altyn was equal to 6 dengas, the Peter's altyn was 3 kopecks. Silver is many times more expensive than copper. To copper coin was of the same value as silver, it must be made very large and heavy. Since there was a shortage of silver in Russia, Catherine I decided to make just such copper money. It was calculated that a ruble coin should weigh 1.6 kilograms.
OBEYING THE ROYAL ORDER, THE COINMAKERS MADE A COPPER RUBLE. THIS IS A LARGE QUADAGONAL PLATE, 20 CENTIMETERS WIDE AND LONG. IN EACH CORNER OF IT IS EMBOSTED A CIRCLE WITH THE IMAGE OF THE STATE EMBRACE, AND IN THE MIDDLE THE INscription: "PRICE RUBLE. 1726. EKATERINBURG."
  • KOPEYK FROM THE TIMES OF PETER I IN ADDITION TO THE RUBLE, FIFTY KENNINIK, POLUFAKOLINNININIK AND HRYVNIKI were issued. THEY ALL HAD THE SAME SHAPE AND WERE MADE AT THE EKATERINBURG MINT. THIS MONEY DID NOT LAST LONG. THEY WERE TOO INCONVENIENT. HALF A FIFTY RUBLE UNDER ELIZAVETA PETROVNA, A NEW GOLD COIN OF 10 RUBLES WAS ISSUED. SHE WAS NAMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE IMPERIAL TITLE OF THE QUEEN IMPERIAL. THERE WAS ALSO A HALF-IMPERIAL - A 5 RUBLE COIN.
Gold Coin - Imperial
  • MONETARY SYSTEM
Until the end of the 19th century, the Russian monetary system remained almost unchanged. By the end of the 19th century, Russia, like other countries, introduced gold money into circulation. The ruble was considered the main monetary unit. It contained 17,424 parts of pure gold. But it was a “conditional ruble”; there was no gold ruble coin. Imperial, ten-ruble and five-ruble coins were minted. Ruble coins, 50, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5 kopecks were made from silver.
  • APPEARANCE OF PAPER MONEY
Catherine II implemented Minich's project: instead of bulky copper money, in 1769 she issued paper notes in denominations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 rubles. IN MIDDLE 1917, NEW MONEY APPEARED. THESE WERE KERENKS MADE ON BAD PAPER, WITHOUT NUMBERS OR SIGNATURES, WORTH 20 AND 40 RUBLES. THEY WERE PROVIDED IN UNCUT SHEET, THE SIZE OF A NEWSPAPER.
  • STRENGTHENING THE MONETARY SYSTEM IN 1922, THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT ISSUED SPECIAL BANK TICKETS - "CHERVONTS". STRENGTHENING THE MONETARY SYSTEM In 1923, another step was taken towards strengthening the monetary system:
  • banknotes
the newly created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1 ruble in these signs was equal to 1 million rubles issued before 1922, and to 100 rubles in 1922 money.
  • In 1924, state treasury notes were issued in denominations of 1, 3 and 5 rubles.
THE PAPER RUBLE OF 1924 APPEARED SILVER 50, 20, 15 AND 10 KOPEEKS. CHANGE COINS OF 5, 3, 2 AND 1 KOPEYK WERE MADE FROM COPPER. IN 1925, THE COPPER "HALF" WAS RELEASED. IT EXISTED UNTIL 1928. IN 1931, SILVER CHANGE COINS WERE REPLACED BY NICKEL COINS. Copper "half" THE 1961 MONETARY REFORM BENEFITED THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE RUBLE EVEN MORE AFTER THE 1961 MONETARY REFORM.
  • FIVE KOPEEKS 1961
  • MONETARY SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIA
In 1991-1993 in connection with
  • Due to political and inflationary processes, the collapse of the USSR and the formation of the CIS, individual banknotes of the USSR banknotes were replaced.
ON JANUARY 1, 1998, MONETARY REFORM (1000-fold redenomination of the ruble) began in the Russian Federation.
  • Coins of the 1997 model were released into circulation. In denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 kopecks and 1, 2, 5 rubles, 10, 50, 100 and 500 rubles.
  • "ISSUE OF 2001".
In 2001, modified banknotes in denominations of 10, 50, 100, 500 rubles were put into circulation; the banknotes bear the designation: “Issue 2001”.
  • In 2004, higher denomination notes were developed. They became banknotes of 1000 and 5000 rubles of the 2004 model.
  • MODERN CURRENCY

THANK YOU
ATTENTION.
CONCEPT OF MONEY
Money is a special commodity
which can be exchanged for
any other product. Special,
because they are
universal equivalent, i.e.
has the ability
exchange for all others
goods (liquidity) and

satisfy any
the needs of their owner.
Ruble (tin) – 100 kopecks or 10 hryvnia
Poltina - half a ruble
Hryvnia – 10 kopecks
Altyn – 3 kopecks
Kopek – 2 money, 4 half rubles

Money - half a penny
Polushka - quarter of a penny
Properties of money
Durability
Portability
Security

Divisibility

Limitation
Properties of money as a commodity
Consumer

price

Exchange value
Functions of money
Money as a medium of exchange
Money as a store of value
Money as a means of payment
Function of world money

Money as a measure of value

With the help of money subjects
measure and compare costs
all products
Money performs the function
using price scale
Like gold, paper
money is homogeneous

Money as a medium of exchange

Money appears in
as an intermediary in
endless process
commodity-money
appeals
To accomplish this
functions needed
real money

Money as a store of value

Money is leaving
sphere of circulation and
settle in households
safes and accounts in
banks
As a means
accumulation favors
gold and
inferior
money

Money as a means of payment

Money acts as
means of payment of debt
if purchases do not match
and sales over time and
space
Products may be
sold on credit.
Credit transactions
gave rise to bills and
banknotes

Functions of world money

Money is used
for international
calculations
As world money
stands gold

Pre-monetary period

Calculation
objects,
which
provided
for humans
value.
Shells – cowries
Ivory
Marten skins, squirrels
, ram
Weapon
Gems

At the beginning
as money
the cattle-sheep performed,
cows, bulls. How
in a large herd
the person owned it
became richer.

With money
skins served
animal squirrels, sable,
martens. But such
there was money
short-lived.

Later they gave way
cowrie shells. They were
brought to Rus' by Arabs
merchants from the Maldives in
Indian Ocean.

Types of money

commodity
Gold and silver in
bars and coins,
as well as any
goods with
barter transactions
symbolic
copper and nickel
coins and paper
money
credit
checks and credit
cards

The first ancient money

Then
appeared
foreign silver Arab coins
dirhams.
Later and their
metal money
(pieces of metal
various shapes).
They were called hryvnia.

The word money came from the East.
Name of ancient coins:
coons, nogat, rezan.
Coons are marten skins.
Nogaty is a smaller unit,
part of the skin or paw.
Rezans – silver scraps
coins

Money from the era of Prince Vladimir

Zlatniki
Serebryaniki

Coins of Ancient Rus'

Chinese coins

Antique coins

Turkish type coins

Korean coins from the Lee Dynasty period

The monetary system is gradually changing. Natural money is being replaced by

Ruble
Hryvnia
Altyn
Money
Poltina
Kopek
Polushka

FORM OF MONEY

Monetary(
from precious
metals)
Banknotes (paper money)
Non-cash (checks, bills,
credit cards)
Electronic (plastic cards)

System of unified Russian money

IN
1 ruble was 100 kopecks,
50 kopecks - half,
10 kopecks - a ten-kopeck piece,
5 kopecks - a nickel,
3 kopecks - altyn,
2 kopecks - a penny.
½ kopeck money.
¼ kopeck - half

1 ruble

1 ruble

1 ruble

Altyn

Grosh.

½ kopeck is money.

¼ kopeck-half

The appearance of the ruble and kopeck

After
Dmitry Donskoy
overthrow the yoke
to the state again
needed
own money.
Hryvnias were
heavy, so they
replaced with more
light ones - pennies. On
the coin was depicted
horseman with a spear.

The history of heads and tails

Co
the word "eagle"
all clear. And here
"tails"
formed from
"lattice" weave
beautifully written
letters,
depicting
royal initials.

Reverse
(tails)
Obverse
(eagle)
edge
(edge)

Paper money

First
paper
money appeared in
Kyiv in the 8th century, and in
Russia - in a thousand
years. Empress
Catherine the Great
first introduced into
handling money from
with your portrait
worth one hundred
rubles, which
affectionately called
"Katenki".

Paper ruble in
different time.

Paper money of different types
years of manufacture.

Paper money from the reign
royal families.

Types of money
Cash
Banknotes
Cashless
Coins
Bills of exchange
Checks

Bills and checks

Modern money

Plastic
cards as an alternative
cash was invented
primarily for convenience
consumers. Become an owner
plastic card of one of
international payment systems
Any person with any stable income can.

Electronic money

In Russian banking practice it is accepted
term investment coins. To Russian
investment coins include: gold
coins “St. George the Victorious” and “Chervonets”,
silver coin"Sable". These coins as well
gold coins of the “Zodiac Signs” series

Coin "St. George the Victorious"

Coin "sable"

Jubilee coin

TO
weight coins can also be
include all kinds of memorials,
collectible and anniversary
coins issued in various
countries in recent years.

The material for money must have the following qualities:

Stability. The value of money must be more or less
the same today and tomorrow.
Portability. Modern money should be enough
small and lightweight so people can carry them around.
Wear resistance. The selected material must be sufficient
durable, have a significant “life expectancy”.
Therefore, in many countries it is used as money
Only very high quality paper.
Uniformity. Money of the same denomination must
have equal value.
Divisibility. One of the important advantages of money over barter
- This is the ability to divide into parts.
Recognition. Money should be easily recognizable
must
be difficult to fake. Paper quality and watermarks
signs make
forgery is very difficult.

When releasing money into circulation:

The structure will change
money supply
The composition will change and
form of money
But their volume remains
unchanged.

Summarizing all the above, we can draw the following conclusions:

1. In the economies of developed countries, money is
essentially debt obligations of the state,
commercial banks and savings institutions.
2. These debt obligations successfully perform the functions
money until its value or purchase price
ability is relatively stable.
3.
The value of money is no longer based on a certain
quantity precious metals as it was before, she
determined rather by the quantity of goods and services that
can be purchased on the market for money.
4. State responsibility for cost stabilization
monetary unit involves conducting the corresponding
politicians
5. effective control over the money supply

We didn't get bored as a couple:
The value of money was studied.
We know how to save them,
To buy something.
Whether you are young or old,
Know that money is your commodity.
We all considered thoughtfully;
What was more expensive was found out.
We will make life easier
Make friends with the economy.