DICTIONARY OF BILLIARD TERMS
Apricole– hitting the cue ball first against the board and then into the object ball.
BECK– European Billiard Confederation. Founded in 1985, it includes 17 states.
Billia– a series of shots, each of which ends with the correct play of balls.
cue ball- a ball that is used to hit other balls. Another definition of cue ball is “yours.”
Outset(left or right) - hitting the cue ball at points to the left or right of the central vertical line.
Bortovik(side ball) - a ball standing close to the side.
Diamond- one of eighteen mother-of-pearl marks embedded in the wooden part of the sides of a pocket billiard.
Diamond system– a scientifically based billiard system that involves the practical use of “diamonds” on the sides, which help to create a clear diagram of shots with the calculation of a certain path of the balls.
VBS– World Billiard Union. Founded in 1959, it unites the billiard confederations of Europe, Asia, America, Africa and the Middle East.
Whether the ball is visible or not– when the aiming point is visible or not visible.
Screw- a shot that imparts rotation to the cue ball or object ball.
To the forehead- hit the cue ball to the center object ball.
At odds- hit with the cue ball simultaneously on two balls that are close to each other.
Pasture– billiards area adjacent to the house.
Popped up ball– a ball that stops after completing a stroke outside the playing surface of the table.
Exhibition- a blow in which the player rolls the ball to a certain place.
Exit- a shot in which, after a pocketed object ball, the cue ball goes under another object ball.
Double Strike- one of the shots prohibited in billiards.
House- a place on the billiards for the initial shot, limited by the sides and a chalk line passing through the first point of the billiards parallel to the short side.
Dugovik- a special type of side kick, when the cue ball describes a curve after the impact.
Doublet- a shot in which the object ball hits the board, is reflected from it and falls into the pocket.
Back line– a line passing through the back mark parallel to the short side.
Rear mark- a point on the longitudinal line equidistant from the center mark and the rear side. Hares - two shaded balls.
Order- a requirement for the player to announce before striking the object ball and the pocket into which he intends to play it.
Custom pocket- called a pocket by a player, into which he intends to place a custom ball.
Stuck in the "lips"- a ball stopped in the very opening of the pocket.
Play from your hands– play from any place at home, having previously placed the cue ball on this place with your hands.
Playing table surface– a table surface covered with cloth between the sides.
Cannon– two consecutive collisions of balls.
Katban– reflection of the ball from four sides.
Kix– an unsuccessful hit with the cue ball, when the sticker slides off the ball (a misfire occurs).
Kick– make a miss (kick), that is, hit the cue ball casually with the cue in such a way that the ball only moves from its place or rolls in a direction unexpected for the player.
Masonry– falling into the pocket of an object ball.
Klapstoss- an abrupt, short blow, as a result of which the cue ball, having hit the object ball, remains at the point of contact with it.
Counterparty- a decisive game between partners who have the same number of games won. Otherwise called as back or contra.
Countertouch– a reverse strike on the cue ball of an object ball reflected from the side.
King– this is the conventional name for a billiard player who plays one against two players.
Croizet- a type of doublet in which the object ball, reflected from the board, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball. This doublet is also called a reverse doublet.
Mace- a piece of billiard equipment that is used to hit the cue ball instead of a cue.
Mask- a situation in which a ball or balls block a target that it is desirable to hit with the cue ball.
Masse- hit the ball from above
Typewriter- a piece of billiard equipment that serves as a stand for the cue during some shots and helps to play balls that cannot be obtained in the usual way.
Dead ball- a ball that stands in the lips of the pocket and for which the slightest push is enough to fall.
Pressure
Sticker- a leather circle glued to the thin end of the cue.
Start of the game– the moment at which the center of the cue ball crosses the line limiting the house.
Guy- a blow from which the cue ball, having hit the object ball, rolls back as a result of the rotation imparted to it.
From the ball– a situation in which an object ball or cue ball falls into a pocket after touching another ball.
Wagering- a defensive tactic in which a blow is delivered with the expectation of making it difficult for the enemy to execute a blow.
Party ball– a ball, the correct pocketing of which brings victory in the game.
Front line- a line passing through the front mark parallel to the short side.
Front mark- a point on the longitudinal line of the table, equidistant from the center mark and the front edge.
Jump- method of impact.
Pyramid- balls placed on pool table tightly to each other in the form of an equilateral triangle.
"Pyramid"- playing pocket billiards.
With a pistol- a way to play with one hand.
Stand– the position of the balls in which it is not difficult to play effectively.
Slider– a soft blow below the center of the cue ball.
Put- put the cue ball in the pocket.
Put it on point– place the ball on one of the three main points of billiards.
Press(partner) - a tactic of playing the game in which the player tries to press the cue ball against the board and thus make it difficult for his partner to execute a shot, forcing him to play from a difficult position.
Prince– each of two athletes playing in pairs against one opponent.
Object ball(someone else's ball or target ball) – any ball except the cue ball.
Longitudinal line- a line passing through the central mark parallel to the long side.
Miss– the case when the cue ball does not touch each other’s sides.
Pushed through– one of the prohibited strikes.
Straight ball– the cue ball rolls from its place in a direction unexpected for the player.
Breakdown– the initial blow to the balls standing in the pyramid.
Consumption– termination of an unfinished game by mutual consent of the players.
cutting- a thin hit with the cue ball to the edge of the object ball.
Striking strike- a correctly executed shot, accompanied by the ball falling into the pocket.
Raffle– the procedure for determining the participant who enters the game first.
Rockambole– ricochet on several sides.
Russian billiards– the literary name of domestic pocket billiards.
Free kick- hitting a ball that is not at the side.
Make or play a ball– hit the cue ball at another ball so that it falls into the pocket.
Series– a sequence of effective strikes by one of the participants.
Skix– hit the side of your ball with a cue unsuccessfully, as a result of which the ball will only move from its place or roll in a direction unexpected for the player
With a cue- a situation when a player finishes a game or plays several balls with one series of shots Grease the ball - do not pocket a light ball
Removing balls by hand- when playing a pyramid - with a cue, and if one of the players does not place the ball, the other removes any ball in his favor.
From hand– playing with a cue ball from home (the first shot in the game).
Rack– the player’s position at the table.
Dry batch– a game in which the loser did not manage to play a single ball and take a single point.
Play with air– hit the cue ball very subtly on the object ball.
Training games– rolling one ball to another, stacking balls into pockets, placing balls in numerical order, “Finnish Party”, “American in One Line”.
Triangle– billiard equipment: a wooden or plastic triangular frame with which billiard balls are set before the start of the game.
"Three sides"- one of the most technically difficult types of carom billiards.
Triplet– reflection of the ball from two sides.
Troisban– reflection of the ball from three sides
Ace– a ball marked with the number “1” (when playing “Pyramid” it means 11 points)
Turnyak- the thick end of the cue.
Touche- any touch to another ball.
Impact on cutting- a shot in which the point of impact is offset relative to the line of the centers of the cue ball and the object ball, as a result of which the object ball receives movement to the left or right.
Elastic side- cloth-covered rubber fixed to the inside of wooden sides.
Foul– any violation of the rules.
Handicap– giving one partner to the other in advance the agreed number of points, balls, strikes, etc.
Fuchs- a ball that fell unexpectedly.
Fuchs's party- a game won only by luck.
Central line– a line passing through the central mark parallel to the short side.
Center mark– a point located in the center of the playing surface of the table.
Ball- play so that the cue ball hits the ball, which will put another ball in the pocket.
Shtos- type of blow.
Effe- a blow that imparts lateral rotation to the ball.
GLOSSARY
Glossary of English billiard terms (pyramid, snooker, pool, carom)
Angled- located behind the lip of the pocket (in relation to the cue ball).
Angle shot- cutting blow.
Apex of triangle- the top of the pyramid, the apex ball.
Around the table- a shot in which the cue ball touches several sides (including two short ones).
Balance point- longitudinal center of gravity of the cue.
Ball in hand
Ball on- another colored ball (in the sense of “non-red”).
Bank shot- doublet, triplet, etc.
Bed of table- table plate.
Billiard
Blind draw- method of drawing lots.
Bottom cushion- front side.
Break- cluster tamping.
Break- series.
Break ball- (“Straight pool”) ball for tipping.
Bridge- wrist rest.
Bumper- bumper of the cue bar.
Butt of cue- cue bar.
Butt plate- a cup of a cue bar.
Call shot- order.
Called ball- custom ball.
Called pocket- custom pocket.
Carom- carom.
Center spot
Center string- center mark of the table.
Chalk- chalk.
Check side- internal screw.
Chuck nurse- bread feeder.
Cluster- cluster.
Clean bank- (“Onboard pool”) a pure doublet, triplet, etc., during which the ordered object ball did not touch other balls before falling into the pocket.
Clear ball- unmarked cue ball.
Combination- combination strike.
Combination on- two (or more) balls oriented towards the pocket. Obviously it is assumed that the straight line connecting the centers of the balls faces the pocket and the distance between the balls is small. Also called Dead combo or On combo.
Combination on- combination strike.
Contact point- the point of contact between the cue ball and the object ball.
Corner hooked- located behind the lip of the pocket (in relation to the cue ball). see also Angled
Count- point, scoring strike.
Count, the- current game score.
Cross corner- doublet into the corner pocket.
Cross side- doublet into the middle pocket.
Cross table shot- a shot in which the cue ball crosses the table touching the long sides.
Crotch- a triangular zone in each corner of the table when playing straight carom, in which it is allowed to score no more than three points in a row. After this, at least one object ball must leave the zone. This limitation prevents the player from making long streaks using the corner feeder.
Crutch- same as Mechanical B ridge
Cue- cue.
Cueball cue ball
Cueball in hand- the right to place the cue ball anywhere on the table after an opponent’s violation.
Cueball in hand behind the head string- the right to place the cue ball anywhere in the home zone after an opponent’s violation.
Cueball in hand within the D See cueball in hand within the half-circle.
Cueball in hand within the half-circle- the right to place the cue ball anywhere in the sector after it falls into a pocket or jumps out of the table.
Cue tip- sticker on the end of the cue.
Cushion- spring board.
Cut- cutting.
Cut shot- cutting blow.
D Sector
Dead ball- head-on (or thick cut) collision between the cue ball and the object ball. In this case, all (or almost all) of the forward energy of the cue ball is transferred to the object ball.
Dead ball shot- a shot in which all or almost all of the forward energy of the cue ball is transferred to the object ball. Also in this situation the term kill shot is used.
Dead combination See Combination on
Diamonds- diamonds.
Double- doublet.
Double bank- triplet.
Double elimination- conditions of the tournament, under which a participant is eliminated after two defeats (in the upper and lower brackets).
Double hit- double strike.
Double round robin- tournament conditions in which each participant plays each other twice.
Draw shot- guy.
Drop pockets- a regular pocket (without an automatic ball return mechanism).
English - side, screw
Feather shot- impact on extremely fine cutting.
Ferrule- tip.
follow shot- roll up
Follow-through- accompaniment (cue cue).
Foot of table- back half of the table.
Foot spot- back mark of the table.
Foot string- back line of the table.
Foot rail- rear side.
Force draw- strong pull. The term is usually used to refer to a quickdraw when cutting. In this case, the cue ball is first thrown strongly in the direction of the tangent line, and only then the reverse rotation bends the trajectory of movement.
Force follow- strong roll. The term is used when the cue ball, after contact with the object ball, stops (or is thrown by the cut), and then, due to the top rotation, sharply picks up speed.
Foul- foul, violation.
Foul stroke- a blow during which a violation was committed.
Frame- analogous to a game in snooker.
Free ball - game situation when any ball can be selected as the next ball (for a detailed explanation, see the Snooker Rules, paragraph 22).
Free break- the initial breaking of the pyramid, in which it is possible to achieve a good distribution of balls on the surface of the table, without any risk or possibility of breaking the rules. This aspect is discussed in more detail in the rules of specific games.
Frozen- a ball standing close to another ball or board.
Full ball- head-on collision between the cue ball and the object ball.
Game- party.
Game ball- party ball.
Gather shot- collective blow.
Grip- grip. The manner of holding the cue bar when striking.
Gully table- table with automatic ball return system.
Handicapping- handicap. Handicap.
Head of table- the front of the table.
Head rail- front side.
Head spot- front table mark.
Head string- front line of the table.
Hickey- (Snooker golf) foul, violation.
Hide- put on a mask.
High run- the highest number of points played in one series.
Hold
Hold-up english- the same as Reverse english.
Hook- put on a mask.
Hooked- be disguised.
Inning- game approach.
In hand- same as Cueball in hand.
In hand behind the head string- the same as Cueball in hand behind the head string.
In-off- the cue ball falls into the pocket. See also Scratch.
Inside english- internal screw. See also Check side
insurance ball- a safety ball. See also Key ball, Break ball.
In the rack- (“Straight pool”) a ball that interferes with the installation of the pyramid.
Jaw- pocket lip.
Jawed ball- a ball that got stuck between the lips and did not fall into the pocket.
Joint- joint of a collapsible cue.
Jump shot- jump.
Jumped ball- popped up ball.
Key ball- key ball. See also Insurance ball, Break ball.
Kick shot- apricole.
Kill shot- same as Dead ball shot
Kiss- collision between balls. Carombol. See also Kiss shot
Kiss shot- strike with a carom.
Kiss-out- unwanted collision of balls, which led to a miss.
Kitchen- slang name for an area of a house.
Lag- a shot in which the cue ball bounces off three or more boards before touching the object balls.
Lag for break- drawing the initial kick.
Leave- the location of the balls after the player hits.
Legal object ball- another ball.
Long- a term that is usually used in relation to a ball (Long ball) to indicate that its distance traveled is lengthened due to the running propeller.
Long string- line for placing balls.
Loop bridge- closed stop.
Losing hazard- the cue ball falling into the pocket after contact with the object ball. Effective kick ("brother-in-law") in English billiards.
Lot - lot.
Manufacture- tune.
Mass shot- mass.
Match- match, set.
Mechanical bridge- machine.
Miscue- kix.
Miss- miss.
Miss- a situation in snooker in which, in the opinion of the referee, the player deliberately missed the next ball. The referee then calls a foul.
Natural- a strike that is easy to imagine, calculate and execute.
Natural english- natural running screw. A small screw that compensates for the loss of speed and narrowing of the angle of reflection of the cue ball after contact with the board.
Natural roll- natural rolling of the ball.
Nip draw- a short sharp blow with a guy. This technique is used to avoid repeated contact of the cue ball with the cue sticker, and as a result, a foul (in a situation with the cue ball and object ball close together.)
Nurses- feeder
Object ball- aiming ball.
On ball- same as Ball on.
Open break- open breakdown of the pyramid.
Opening break shot- initial blow.
Open bridge- open stop.
Open table- (“Eight”) open table.
Outside english- external screw.
Peas- small balls numbered from 1 to 15 or 16. Used in some games.
Pills- same as Peas.
Plant- a position of two or more red balls that allows you to perform a combination strike.
Pocket- pocket. Pocket the object ball.
Position- exit, make an exit.
Pot- pocket the object ball.
Powder- talc or soft chalk.
Power draw shot- same as Force draw.
Push shot- pushed through.
Push-out- (“Nine”) rollout.
Pyramid - pyramid of balls.
Pyramid spot- the mark on which the top ball of the pyramid is placed.
Race- match, set.
Rack- pyramid. Set up a pyramid.
Rail- handrail
Rail shot- same as Bank shot
red ball- aiming ball.
Rest- machine.
Reverse english- reverse screw.
Round Robin- the conditions of the tournament, under which each participant plays with each other once.
Running english- running propeller.
Running side- running propeller.
Run- series.
Run-out- last (winning) game approach, series.
Safety - roleplaying
Scratch- earn a point in fuchs.
Scratch- the cue ball falls into the pocket.
Screw- guy.
Seeding- placement of players in predetermined places of the tournament grid - seeding, seeding.
Set- match, set.
Shaft- shaft.
Short- a term that is usually used in relation to a ball (Short ball) to show that its distance traveled is shortened due to the reverse screw.
Short-rack- a general name for games that use an incomplete pyramid (nine, ten, etc.)
Shot- hit.
Shot making ability- masonry.
Side- screw, side.
Single elimination- conditions for the tournament, under which a participant is eliminated after one defeat (Olympic system).
Skid shot- slider
Snooker- mask.
Snookered- to be disguised by other balls (in relation to the cue ball).
Speed- size of the impact.
Split hit- a shot in which it is impossible to determine which of the two balls the cue ball touched first.
Spot- mark.
Spot- handicap, handicap
Spot ball- one of the cue balls is marked with a black dot.
Spot shot- a shot from the hand from the house at the object ball located on the back mark (see explanatory diagram). In a pool, such a blow is considered to be of average difficulty and is taken as a certain starting point.
Spotting balls- placing balls.
Stalemated game- stalemate position.
Stance- gaming stand.
Stop shot- stop. A shot that stops the cue ball.
Straight Rail Billiards- Straight carom game.
Striker- the player taking the kick.
Stroke- hit.
Stun shot- a shot on a small cut, in which the cue ball, after contact with the object ball, moves slightly along the tangent line.
Successful fouls- several consecutive fouls.
Table in position- a situation where the position of the object balls does not change during the impact.
Tester- technically difficult shot.
Three cushion- triple-breasted carombol.
Throw- object ball rejection.
Throw shot- a blow with an object ball thrown back.
Time shot- strike with dynamic strumming.
Top cushion- rear side.
TPA- the reciprocal of the number of mistakes made by the player.
Triangle- triangle.
V-bridge- the same as Open bridge.
Weight- level of the game (jargon).
Wrap- winding of the cue bar.
When compiling this material, the following books were used:
Balin I.V. "Billiards"
Birkovsky V.V. "Billiards: sports, recreation, entertainment"
Apricole- hitting the cue ball first against the board and then into the object ball.
cue ball- a ball that is struck with a cue during the game.
Outset- hitting the cue ball at points lying to the left or right of the central vertical line. Left side and right side possible.
Screw- a decentralized strike on the cue ball, in which the cue ball, along with translational motion, also receives rotational motion.
Exit- a shot in which, after a pocketed object ball, the cue ball comes under another object ball so that it can be easily played.
At odds- hit with the cue ball simultaneously on two balls that are close to each other.
Popped up ball- a ball that stops after completing a stroke outside the playing surface of the table.
House- part of the playing surface of the table between the front line and the front board.
Doublet- a shot in which the object ball first hits the board and then enters the pocket.
Back line- a line passing through the back mark parallel to the short side.
Order- a requirement for the player to announce before striking the object ball and the pocket into which he intends to play it.
Custom pocket- the pocket announced in the order into which the player intends to place the object ball.
Custom ball- a specific object ball announced in the order, which the player intends to play into the ordered pocket.
Playing table surface- a cloth-covered flat surface of the table between elastic sides.
Game from hand from home- a shot in which the cue ball can be placed anywhere in the house area.
Cannon- a shot in which the cue ball touches one object ball and hits another.
Katban- reflection of the ball from four sides.
Cue- a billiard accessory designed for hitting the cue ball.
Kix- an unsuccessful shot with the cue sticker slipping along the surface of the cue ball.
Countertouch- a reverse strike on the cue ball of an object ball reflected from the board or other balls.
Klapstoss- a shot in which the cue ball remains in place after hitting the object ball.
Krause- a type of doublet in which the object ball, reflected from the board, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball.
smear- a position in which the ball or balls block the target where it is desirable to hit with the cue ball.
Typewriter- a billiard accessory used as a support for a cue when striking a distant cue ball.
Chalk- a dry abrasive substance used to rub the cue sticker to prevent kicking.
Roll up- a shot above the center of the cue ball, as a result of which the cue ball continues to move in the same direction after hitting the object ball.
Sticker- a circle of specially treated leather glued to the end of the front part of the cue, which is in direct contact with the cue ball when making shots.
Guy- a shot below the center of the cue ball, as a result of which the cue ball rolls back after hitting the object ball.
Wagering- a positional strike that minimizes the opponent’s chances of a subsequent effective strike.
From the ball- a shot in which the object ball or cue ball falls into a pocket after touching another ball.
Party ball- a ball, the correct pocketing of which brings victory in the game.
Front line- a line passing through the front mark parallel to the short side.
Front mark- a point on the longitudinal line of the table, equidistant from the center mark and the front edge.
Jump- a shot in which the cue ball jumps over the object ball.
Pyramid- the initial placement of object balls in the shape of an equilateral triangle with the apex at the back mark.
Object ball- any ball on the table except the cue ball.
Longitudinal line- a line passing through the central mark parallel to the long side.
Striking strike- a correctly executed shot, accompanied by the ball falling into the pocket and giving the right to continue the series at the table.
Raffle- the procedure for determining the participant who enters the game first.
Rockambole- ricochet on several sides.
Series (with cue)- a sequence of effective strikes by one of the participants.
Triangle- a billiard accessory used for the initial placement of balls in the shape of a pyramid.
Triplet- reflection of the ball from two sides.
Troisban-reflection of the ball from three sides
Horizontal bar- the thick part of the cue.
Touche- touching the ball on the table with a cue, hand, machine, etc.
Impact on cutting- a shot in which the point of impact is offset relative to the line of the centers of the cue ball and the object ball, as a result of which the object ball receives movement to the left or right.
Hand strike- a shot in which the cue ball can be placed anywhere on the playing surface of the table.
Kick from home- a shot in which the cue ball can be placed anywhere in the house. Performed at the beginning of the game, as well as in some games after the cue ball falls into the pocket.
Elastic side- cloth-covered rubber fixed to the inside of wooden sides. Elastic sides form the outer perimeter of the playing surface of the table.
Foul-violation of the rules of the game, entailing a fine and termination of the series.
Handicap- giving one player to another ahead of a set number of balls, points, strikes, etc.
Fuchs- a ball that fell unexpectedly, unexpectedly.
Central line- a line passing through the central mark parallel to the short side.
Center mark- a point located in the center of the playing surface of the table.
Foreign billiard terms.
CROSS SIDE- doublet into the middle pocket.
CROSS TABLE SHOT- doublet from the long side.
CUE BALL- cue ball (syn. ROCK, WHITEY, CLEAR BALL (card))
CUEING- use any blow except the klapstoss.
CUSHION- board
CUT SHOT- cutting.
CUT ANGLE- cutting angle.
DEAD BALL- a cue ball struck in such a way that all the rotation and speed imparted to it by the cue are transferred to the object ball, the cue ball loses them after the impact.
DIAMONDS- diamonds (syn. DOTS)
DOUBLE- doublet.
DRILL- method and approach to each blow.
DROP POCKETS- classic pockets without mechanical ball return.
DUCK- stand (syn. CRIPPLE, JAWED BALL, HANGING THE POCKET, HANGER).
END RAIL- short side
ENGLISH- America. effe, French kick, side spin kick; British SIDE.
FEATHER SHOT- very fine cutting.
FERRULE- America. white sticker attachment; British BRASS.
FLUKE- "fool"; score a fool - RAT-IN A BALL, SHITTING IN A BALL.
FOLLOW- roll up (syn. TOP SPIN, TOPS)
FOLLOW THAT CAR- a shot in which the cue ball follows the object ball into the pocket.
FOLLOW-THROUGH- accompaniment, movement with a cue, after a coasting strike.
FOOT OF TABLE- the place where the balls are placed before the start of the game.
FOOT SPOT- lowest point.
FOOT STRING- bottom line.
FOUL- foul
FROZEN- stuck ball.
GAME BALL- a correctly made ball that brings victory.
GATHER SHOT- a carom strike that allows you to roll all three balls as close to each other as possible.
GRIP- manner of holding a turnik.
GULLY TABLE- billiard tables with an automatic ball return system.
HEAD OF TABLE- “house” and the short side adjacent to it.
HEAD SPOT- top point.
HEAD STRING- top line.
INLAY- ornament.
INNING- impact queue (syn. FRAME).
IN THE KITCHEN- ball from hand within the “house”.
INVALID SHOT- wrong blow.
JAW- pocket lip.
JOINT- the middle of folding cues, where the blade and shaft are screwed together.
JUMP SHOT- jump.
KICK- British in snooker and English billiards, this is the moment when the cue ball momentarily sticks to the object ball, usually due to dirt (chalk) accumulated on the balls; America SKID, CLING.
KICK SHOT- apricole.
KITCHEN- house.
KISS- contact between balls.
KISS SHOT- a shot in which the cue ball touches more than one ball, carom.
LAGGING- America. drawing lots for the right to first strike (syn. LAG FOR BREAK); British STRINGING.
LEAVE- the location of the balls after the impact.
LEGAL SHOT- the right blow.
LOT- drawing lots for the right to first strike, regardless of playing skills (tossing a coin, drawing a short stick, etc.)
MASSE SHOT- mass.
MECHANICAL BRIDGE- machine, mother-in-law, stand (syn. CRUTCH, RAKE, GRANNY STICK)
MISCUE- kix.
NATURAL ROLL- movement of the cue ball with lateral rotation.
NIP DRAW- short pull, used when there is a danger of a “double strike”.
OBJECT BALL- object ball
ON A STRING- describes the ideal solution;
Joe"s shape is awesome today, he"s got that cue ball on a string- Joe is on a roll today, his cue ball seems to be on strings.
ON THE HILL- this is what they say about a person who has one game left to win; if it is a pre-win draw and the winner of the next game wins the match, then the situation is called HILL-HILL or DOUBLE-HILL.
ON THE SNAP- win the right to strike first.
OPEN TABLE- open table.
POCKET- pocket.
POCKET BILLIARDS- pocket billiards.
POSITION- exit; to POSITION - go out.
POT- British a correctly played ball.
PUSH SHOT- pushing the ball.
RACE- the number of wins required to win the match; Race to five - we play until five wins.
RAIL- the side and the edge of the table adjacent to it.
RAIN TABLE- a table of terrible quality with a slow cloth, on which the balls quickly collect dirt.
REVERSE ENGLISH- America. French shot, in which the cue ball, after contact, goes in the opposite direction from its natural direction. (syn. HOLD-UP, INSIDE ENGLISH); British CHECK SIDE.
RULES- rules; HOUSE RULES - local rules.
RUN- series.
RUNNING ENGLISH- America. effe, a French shot, in which the cue ball, after contact, goes in the natural direction, but at a greater angle and with greater speed (syn. OUTSIDE ENGLISH); British RUNNING SIDE.
SAFETY- roleplaying.
SCRATCH- any foul related to the cue ball: pocketing, flying off the table.
SCREW- America. guy (syn. DRAW); British BACK SPIN, BOTTOM SPIN, BOTTOMS.
SHAFT- shaft.
SHARK- distract someone during a strike.
SNOOKERED- smear, smeared.
SPEED- characterizes the quality of the billiard player’s game (not speed); TOP SPEED - the most best game, which a billiard player can show.
SPLIT HIT- a shot in which it is difficult to determine which of the object balls the cue ball touched first.
SPOTTING BALLS- returning the balls to the appropriate points according to the rules of a particular game.
SQUIRT- micro-displacement of the cue ball during a French shot (usually within four degrees).
STANCE- billiard player's pose.
STOP SHOT- straight stop, straight klapshtos.
STROKE- movement of the cue upon impact.
STUN SHOT- a blow that technically differs from a klapstos only in that a slight cutting is added.
SUCCESSIVE FOULS- consecutive fouls.
SWEEP- smash your opponent to smithereens.
SWERVE- stroke.
T.I.P.- sticker.
TRIANGLE- triangle for placing balls (syn. RACK)
TRICK SHOT- trick kick.
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The first stage in learning to play billiards is setting the shot itself, training the accuracy of the sight, and practicing hand movements. The technical practice of the strike is quite easy, but you should immediately learn how to perform it correctly. Most beginners ignore this, setting themselves the wrong goal right away. Your task is not to drive the ball into the pocket. The task is to comprehend the blow, performing it in such a way that the two balls, bypassing the collision, arrive at the place where you wish. It is advisable to work on fundamental skills using regular swings “head-on”: knocking out the cue ball at the center point of the ball. When your technical skill is already at a relatively acceptable level, it is time to learn more about different types blows, and begin to improve them. The type of hit on the cue ball is determined by the direction of displacement of the point of impact from the center of the ball. There are 9 similar directions and each of them serves as the name of a particular blow.
Types of cue strikes on the cue ball
You can touch the cue ball area with a billiard cue in any way. The easiest way to decide on different directions is to use the pattern of shots in billiards. So, the types of strikes:
- Klapstoss - hitting the center zone of the target. The starting blow from which the polishing of billiard technique begins. The remaining beats moving away from the center point are called “effe”. One of the main ones, which makes it possible to “place” the ball reliably. When beating clearly at its central point in the plane, opposite the billiard surface, the cue ball makes only a rhythmic forward movement and, having come into contact with the “foreign” ball, remains in place. The ball that is in the game will bounce in a given direction.
- Roll up - runout above the center mark of the ball. Often there is a need for “one’s” ball to come forward without colliding with the “alien” one. For this purpose, a slow, elongated blow is applied to the upper area of the cue ball. Here the cue ball, in addition to being pushed away from the player, will catch the oscillatory movement and, after colliding with the ball being played, pause for a second and move forward. By the way, it’s perfect for debutants, it’s easy to do, and the aim is quite accurate when hitting a given shot.
- Guy - runout below the center point of the ball. It differs from rolling up in greater complexity, since the ball must be given the opposite horizontal torsion. When there is a need to move “your” ball back, the blow is directed to the lower area of the cue ball. Here, in contrast to the rolling strike, along with the slow forward movement, the cue ball will be rewarded with a spin around the horizontal axis to the opposite side and, staying in place, bypassing the strike, will roll back.
Cue shots in billiards are famous for the backdrop, because it is the most beautiful and complex of the beats. Its application is quite extensive. The presence of a sticker for the cue is of great importance here. Only a properly chalked, rounded, elastic and rough surface will allow the beating to be performed accurately.
4. Right side - a strike to the area exclusively to the right of the center mark of the cue ball. With such a strike, the cue ball acquires, in addition to a slow push forward, a rotational movement around a vertical axis passing through the center of the ball, counterclockwise, and, colliding with the ball being played, giving it a forward movement, spinning like a top and carried away by its oscillatory rotation, it will only move to the right .
5. Left side - strike into the zone strictly to the left side of the center of the cue ball. The effect of such an oscillation is similar to the previous one, only the beating comes out in a vertical rotation clockwise and after a collision with another ball it will move to the left.
The next four patterns of shots in billiards are recognized as particularly complex and are called combined pushes, since they simultaneously include components of side hits, as well as roll-up or pull-back.
6. Upper right side or roll to the right - hit a point to the right and up from the center of the cue ball. Such a push is made, if necessary, so that the ball, after passing through a collision with a directed ball, rolls to the right side and forward. The blow with the cue falls on the upper right area of the ball slowly and slowly. The resulting blow imparts three types of movement to the ball:
Forward forward;
Accelerating movement - roll;
There is some deviation, barely noticeable to the eye, to the right due to the lateral oscillation of the ball around the vertical axis.
7. Upper left side or roll to the left – a push to the area to the left and up from the center mark of the cue ball. The results of the given cue ball are similar to the previous one, only the ball moves to the left and forward.
9. Lower left side or pull to the left - strike to the area to the left and down from the center point of the ball. Allows you to “pull your” cue ball back and to the left when it comes into contact with the one being played.
Types of cue ball hits on an object ball
Taking into account the impact of the cue ball on the object ball, there are two subtypes of shots: straight and cut.
"Direct" blow
“Straight” balls are the arrangement of balls on the table when the cue ball and the target with the pocket are located on a straight line, bringing their center points together.
A particularly complicated push in a billiard competition is called a “straight” push, which is applied through the entire billiard table, “your” ball is distant from the target at an impressive distance.
Such a strike requires enormous precision.
"Cut" blow
“Cutting” is what players call playing balls that are outside the line that concentrates the striking centers and pockets. "Cutting" in many situations is better when the target area is visible. If the balls are placed at an angle of 90 degrees, then this position is considered “limit”.
Additionally, such shots have been developed when the object ball does not immediately go into the pocket, but bounces off the side, and then falls:
· doublet;
· cut doublet;
· croise (reverse stroke; the cue ball, after contact with the object ball, will cross the trajectory of its move towards the pocket)
Doublet
If artificial lines drawn mentally from the cue ball to the target ball and from it to the pocket form an isosceles triangle, the angle of incidence will be equal to the angle of reflection. The target ball is hit directly “head-on”, into the immediate core of the ball, and it falls into the pocket. Such a doublet is considered direct. It is recognized as the most lightweight doublet strike.
It is recommended to hit the double into the middle pocket smoothly. Under a given condition, even in the case of a not entirely accurate shot, the target ball, having hit the lip of the pocket, will bounce off it and collide with its other sponge. Then, after hesitating, he will fall. In the event of an extremely inaccurate hit, the ball, having come into contact with the sponge, will move away from the pocket to a certain distance and the stand will not come out.
Cut doublet
A cut doublet differs from a straight one by a complex blow. Here the target cannot be beaten head-on. The ball must be "cut". This action at a small angle of incidence significantly increases the display angle. With a cut doublet it is possible to place balls of maximum complexity.
Croise-reverse
If the ball is located at an excessively obtuse angle, so much so that it is impossible to play it with either a straight or cut doublet, then a doublet called a croisé, or, simply, a reverse one, is used.
Russian billiards
- Small Russian pyramid- a fundamental game in Russian billiards. 16 balls: 15 numbered + cue ball. The sum of all the numbers marked on the balls is 120. 10 is added to the number of the ball “1” and 10 is also added to the last remaining ball. Thus, the total sum of points is 140. The goal of the game is to score 71 points. If a player scores 70 points (“his own”), then even if the last ball is laid by his partner in the game, a draw is recorded.
- Great Russian pyramid- the difference in the change in the score. Balls "2, 3, 4, 5" add 10 points.
- Moscow pyramid- 15 balls + cue ball. You can play the cue ball as if it were your own. The goal is to score 8 balls.
- American- 16 balls, any ball can hit any ball. The goal of the game is to pocket 8 balls.
- Pyramid counting balls- the game is counted not by points, but by the number of balls made.
- Pyramid with colored balls- 5 colored balls are added, 4 red (40 points), one yellow (50 points).
- Pyramid-roll- one of the partners - the “roller” - has two hits in a row.
- Pyramid without touching the side- one of the partners has no right to touch the cue ball boards. A head start is required.
- Screw- the numbers on the balls change their meaning depending on the number of balls placed in a row and various combined strikes with which one or another ball is placed. In addition, additional points are scored for “crowns” - balls with certain numbers located on each partner’s shelf, and for a certain number of balls placed.
- Screw with colored balls- 7 colors are added: four red (30 points), yellow (60 points), green (120 points) and black (240 points).
- "A la guerre"- two balls: red and white, unlimited number of players; the first number, as a result of the draw, tries to place one of the two balls closer to the opposite short side in order to make it difficult for the next player to play it, who puts the second ball in the house and has the right to play the predecessor’s ball; if your ball is played, you receive a “cross” - a certain number of crosses means you are eliminated from the game.
- Alager with control ball- a third ball is added, the essence of which is to “cover up one’s own.”
- Alager-American- no matter which ball falls, it counts; They play with any ball that is more convenient.
- Arctic- the game was invented by polar explorers; is identical to alager, except that each participant has his own ball, with a certain number, and both individual players and teams can compete.
- Botifon or bank- another analogue of the alager: the one holding the “batifon” plays alone against everyone in turn. It can give the following types of handicaps: “tight”, “miss”, “self”, “any any”, “mixed”.
- Game from the boards- an analogue of an alager: a simple cork is placed on the middle point, the goal of the game is to knock down the cork from the side or sides of the “stranger”.
- Five balls- 60 points (Russian Party) - two white, two red, one yellow. The goal of the game is 60 points. Points are awarded depending on the pocket where the ball hits. There is a system of fines.
- Five carom balls- analogue Five balls - 60 points: points are awarded if the ordered ball is placed in a carom according to the “carom table”.
- Officer's party of 5 balls
- Polish game of 5 balls
- Kaiza(five balls with caroms in Finnish) - five balls: two cue balls (2 points), two red (3 points), one yellow (kaiza, 6 points). To win you need to score 60 points. Points are awarded according to the "carom table".
- Two ball game- two players, two balls; The goal is to put the opponent's ball into one of the pockets without ordering.
Pool
- Direct pool- For each ordered ball played, one point is awarded. The first one to score a pre-agreed total number of points wins. If, along with the ordered one, other balls fall into the pockets, then they are all counted in favor of the player.
- Canon three-ball lot- two cue balls (partner's - 2 points, yours from red - 3 points, from your partner's cue ball - 2 points), one red (3 points). The game is played to 50 or 100 points. (in English terminology often found under the name english billiards)
- Pul-8
- Pul-9
- 14+1
- In one pocket
- Pul-10
- Direct pool in one line
- "Meeting engagement"
French billiards
- French three-ball carom game- two cue balls, one red. It is played on a pocketless table. Carom - Your cue ball touches the red one and then your partner's cue ball. One carom - one point. As a rule, they play up to 20 points.
- Open party
- 4 balls- a four-ball version of the classic carom, common in Asia.
- Frame 47/1
- Frame 74/2
- Carom from one side
- Carom from three sides
ABRICOLE - hitting the cue ball first against the board and then at the object ball.
BEK - European Billiard Confederation. Founded in 1985, it includes 17 states.
BILLY - a series of shots, each of which ends with the correct play of balls (see also CUE)
CUE-BALL - a ball that is used to hit other balls. Synonym -<свой>.
LATERAL - hitting the cue ball with a cue at points lying on the left or right side of the central vertical line. Possible LEFT SIDE SIDE and RIGHT SIDE SIDE (see also ARC and SCREW).
BORTOVIK - (side ball) a ball standing close to the side.
DIAMOND - one of eighteen mother-of-pearl marks embedded in the wooden part of the sides on a pocket billiard (see DIAMOND SYSTEM).
DIAMOND SYSTEM is a scientifically based billiard system that involves the practical use of diamonds on the sides, which help to create a clear diagram of shots with the calculation of a certain path of the balls.
WBS - World Billiard Union. Founded in 1959, it unites five billiard confederations (Europe, Asia, America, Africa and the Middle East).
THE BALL IS VISIBLE or NOT VISIBLE - when the aiming point is visible or not visible.
SCREW - A shot that imparts rotation to the cue ball or object ball. (Screw and twist) - give the cue ball a strong and, moreover, only lateral rotation (see also SIDEWAY and ARC).
HANGING OVER THE POCKET - see DEAD BALL.
In the forehead - hitting the cue ball in the center of the object ball.
SLASH - hitting two balls close to each other with the cue ball at the same time.
EXIT - a technique as a result of which the player, having put one object ball in the pocket, simultaneously comes out with the cue ball under the other so that he can easily play it.
DOUBLE STRIKE is one of the prohibited strikes.
HOME - the place for the initial shot, limited by the sides and a chalk line passing through the first point of the billiards parallel to the short side.
ARC - a special type of side kick, when the cue ball describes a curve after impact (see also SIDE and SCREW).
DOUBLET - a shot in which the object ball hits the side and is reflected from it (see also CROISET).
HARES - two shaded balls.
ORDERED POCKET - The pocket called by the player in which he intends to place the order ball.
CALLED BALL - A ball that a player names before hitting.
COVER - (ball) see MASK.
ILLEGAL STRIKES: PUSH, PUSH AND DOUBLE STRIKE.
PLAY - play from any place (at home) in the cases established by the Rules.
CAROM - two successive collisions of balls.
KATRBAN - reflection of the ball from four sides.
KIX - an unsuccessful hit with a cue ball when the sticker slides off the ball (a misfire occurs).
KICK - make a miss (kick), that is, hit the cue ball casually with the cue so that the ball only moves from its place or rolls in a direction unexpected for the player.
PLACE - (making balls) falling into the pocket of an object ball.
KLAPSTOS - a jerky, short blow, as a result of which the cue ball, having hit the object ball, remains at the point of contact with it.
COUNTERPARTY - a decisive game between partners who have the same number of games won. Abbreviated as counter or contra.
COUNTERTOUCH - a reverse hit on the cue ball of an object ball reflected from the side.
KING - this is the conventional name for a billiard player who plays one against two (pairs) (see also PRINCE).
CROISET - a type of doublet in which the object ball, reflected from the side, crosses the line of movement of the cue ball. This type of doublet is also called WEREWOLF (see also DOUBLET).
MAZIK - a piece of billiard equipment. Instead of a cue, they hit the cue ball with a mazik.
MASK - when a ball or balls obscures the target that it is desirable to hit with the cue ball. Sometimes in such cases they say that the ball is (smeared).
MASSE is one of the special attacks.
MACHINE - a piece of billiard equipment that serves as a cue stand for certain shots. This device helps, for example, to play balls that cannot be obtained in the usual way. The machine is sometimes called<тещей>.
DEAD BALL - when the ball is in the mouth of the pocket and the slightest push on it is enough for it to fall. They also say about such a ball that it hangs above the pocket.
PRESS is one of the prohibited strikes.
ROLL - a shot in which the cue ball is rotated forward to follow the object ball.
TAP - (sticker) a leather circle glued to the thin end of the cue.
START OF THE GAME - in fact, the beginning of the game is considered to be the moment when the center of the cue ball crosses the line that borders the (house) (the so-called house line).
BEGINNING AND END OF A STROK - the beginning of a strike is considered to be any touch of the player to any ball on the billiards, and the end of the strike is the moment of removing the hand, cue, machine from the billiard table and stopping the movement of the balls.
WEREWOLF - (doublet) see CROISET.
PUSH - a blow from which the cue ball, having hit the object ball, rolls back as a result of the rotation given to it.
OFF THE BALL - When an object ball or cue ball is pocketed by touching another ball.
RECOVERY - a defensive tactic in which a shot is made with the expectation of making it difficult for the opponent to execute the shot (put the cue ball to the board and away from the object balls, cover the cue ball with balls, etc.).
JUMP - one of the special attacks.
PYRAMID - balls placed on a billiard table close to each other in the form of an equilateral triangle.
PYRAMID - a game of pocket billiards. Variations of this game: (Small Russian Pyramid) (71 points), (Big Russian Pyramid) (91 points), (Pyramid with counting balls), (Pyramid with colored balls), (Pyramid-roll), (Pyramid without touching the board with the cue ball) , (Removing the balls by hand).
PISTOL - (poke) one of the ways to play with one hand.
STAND - the position of the balls when playing effectively is not difficult.
PUT ON THE POINT - when the ball in certain cases is placed on one of the three main points of billiards.
PRESS - (partner) a tactic of playing the game in which the player tries to press the cue ball to the board and thereby make it difficult for his partner to execute a shot, forcing him to systematically play from a difficult position, as a result of which he<сбивается с удара>And<теряет кладку>.
PRINCE - this is the conventional name for each of two athletes playing in pairs against one opponent (see also KING).
OBJECT BALL - any ball other than the cue ball. Abbreviated as - (sighting). There are names: (alien), played ball.
MISS - when the cue ball does not touch the other balls.
KICK - one of the prohibited strikes.
STRAIGHT BALL - A situation in which the cue ball, object ball and the pocket being played lie in a straight line.
BREAKING - the initial blow to the balls standing in the pyramid; sometimes the term (robbery) is used.
EXPENSE - termination of an unfinished batch by mutual consent of the partners.
CUTTING - hitting the cue ball very thinly at the edge of the object ball. Hence the expressions: (cut) - when the ball being played is taken at a more acute angle to the receiving pocket and (undercut) - when the ball is taken at a more obtuse angle.
ROCAMBALL - ricochet on several sides.
RUSSIAN BILLIARDS - this is the name of our domestic pocket billiards in the literature.
OWN - see CUE-BALL.
MAKE A BALL - place, play it by hitting the cue ball into the pocket.
WITH KIYA - (finish a game or play several balls) when the player finishes a game or plays several balls with one series of strokes.
GREASE THE BALL - do not put a relatively light ball.
WITH HANDS - a game packed from (home).
BILLIARDIST'S STAND - the player's position at the table (position of legs, body, head, arms, cue).
DRY (game) - a game in which the loser did not manage to play a single ball and take a single point.
PLAY WITH AIR - hit the cue ball very subtly on the object ball.
TRAINING GAMES - rolling one ball to another, stacking balls into pockets, placing balls in numerical order, (Finnish game), (American in one line).
TRIANGLE - one of the pieces of billiard equipment: a wooden or plastic triangular frame with which billiard balls are installed before the start of the game.
<ТРИ БОРТА>- one of the most technically difficult types of carom billiards; played at the World Championships.
TRIPLET - reflection of the ball from two sides.
TRUABANE - reflection of the ball from three sides.
ACE is a ball marked with a number (means 11 points when playing Pyramid).
TURNIAK - the thick end of a cue.
TOUCH - any touch to any ball: with a cue, hand, machine, clothing, etc. A touch with a cue differs from a hit in that the ball does not move after it.
FOUL - any violation of the Rules in the sport of billiards.
FORA - giving one partner to the other in advance an agreed number of points, balls, strikes, etc.
FUCHS - a ball that fell unexpectedly, unexpectedly. Hence the expression FUCHS PARTY, that is, a game won only due to a happy accident.
ALIEN (BALL) - see AIM BALL.
THE BALL IS PLACED ON A COMMON BASIS - this expression means: when playing Pyramid, the ball is placed on the third point of the billiards or, if it is occupied, it is placed tightly in the middle of the short side opposite (home; when playing American and Moscow Pyramid, the ball is placed tightly in the middle of the short side , the opposite<дому>.
BALL - (Play with a system of balls) - when the blow is transmitted through several balls.
SHTOS - type of blow.
EFFE - a blow with a cue that imparts lateral rotation to the ball.
