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Website business card
Why did we create this project... Strange as it may seem, all “sites” “projects” are created for practically one purpose - “traffic”. There are many areas of Internet projects: “contextual” sites, “video-photo” hosting, “galleries”, “catalogues”, “file” services, “clouds” of files, “forum” projects, etc. The fourth category is a “photo catalog” of our finds, where you can view and copy a “high-quality” photo of our cops, plus a photo rare coins on the planet with a description of each coin, including our finds. The fifth category is a “price catalogue” in which it will be possible to at least approximately know the “price of a coin”, although the true price is when there is a buyer for it. This is how we will share our “hobby” and give information to others who want to do it - this is not an easy, but quite enjoyable task.Good luck to everyone, find the one...
Gambling hobby is contagious
we are in search of our dreams, in the hope of unearthing oblivion...
Treasure is money or valuable objects buried in the ground or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is unknown and cannot be found, or has lost the right to them. Treasure hunters are people who engage in this craft, both professionally and as a hobby. Archaeologists are not treasure hunters, since the search for treasures and treasures is not their direct responsibility, but rather it is a by-product of their activities. Treasure hunting is the purposeful actions of a person, as a result of which he finds a treasure (if this goal is achieved). In this case, a person must set in advance his immediate goal of finding the treasure. For this reason, archaeologists are not treasure hunters. Another type of treasure is considered to be gold mines, information about the location of which was lost for various reasons. Among the most famous and legendary gold mines are: King Solomon's Gold Mines.
Have a nice stroll through our site!!!
In this article you will learn what abbreviations and symbols were used on old Mende maps. Mende Alexander Ivanovich for 17 years he filmed and created topographic maps some Russian provinces
on a scale of 1 inch = 1 verst or 1 cm = 420 m; 1 inch = 2 versts or 1 cm = 840 m
Abbreviations on the map Buyan-field
- Flat, elevated area, open on all sides Outrageous
- A small steep hill. Veres
- Juniper. Volok (Volok)
- Forest or forest clearing Vspolye
- Edge of the field, pasture. Vyselok (Vys.)
- A small village, predominantly owned, located near single-patrimonial villages. Great
- Largest, highest, highest. City (G.)
- A fortified or walled village. Management status assigned to a volost, district or provincial in relation to other settlements. Mane
- An oblong hill covered with forest. Village
- A village without a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants from various departments and live without a landowner. Right hand
- Right hand. Dresva
- Coarse sand. Zapan
- Backwater or river bay. Zaseka (Zas.)
- Defensive structure. It was a combination of dead wood apices, an earthen rampart and a ditch with forts and separate fortresses. The fortifications served as defensive lines that protected against raids by the Golden Horde, who systematically plundered and destroyed Russian cities and villages and took the population into captivity, as well as to protect roads. Zybun (Zyb.)
- A quagmire, an impassable (disastrous) place.- Wood timber floated down the river.
Cumulus sands (Cumulus)- Accumulations of loose sand around bushes and shrubs... Height 30-50 cm, less often up to 1-2 m. In some places they consist of gravel. They usually form in areas with close groundwater - on salt marshes, the coasts of lakes, seas and rivers.
Lying Meadow- Worthless, bad meadow.
Monastery, monastery (Mon.)- There are various types of monastic hostels, of which the latter sometimes coincide in their meaning with graveyards or estates of the spiritual department.
Manor (m. or Manor)- If it is owned, then most of it is near single-patrimonial villages, or it has the meaning of an estate at a plant or factory, if it belongs to persons of the tax-paying classes.
Myanda- Pine.
Novina- Cleared but not plowed land in the forest.
Dump (Op.)- A mound of waste rock, slag, formed during mining.
Touchstone- Oselok Vlad. wasteland, a place abandoned by its inhabitants; fallow, lie low. Oselok, Oblesye, Oselok or obselye, psk. hard newly populated place, settlement, new settlements, settlement.
Oselye- Oselye is akin to an outskirts, the land around the village.
Perekop- Ditch.
Tares- Weed
Pogost (Pog. or Pogost)- Has a church and a population consisting of clergy and clergy. The word graveyard comes from the word guest. The place where merchants traded was called a graveyard. With the adoption of Christianity, churches began to be built near graveyards. In the 15-16th centuries. churchyards begin to die off, hence the word graveyard has a second meaning - a lonely church.
Undercut (Under.)- A cleared place in the forest.
Disgrace- Review, watch.
Midnight- North.
Posad (P. or Pos.)- An order of huts or a row of houses. A settled settlement located outside a city or fortress.
Pochinok, village and farm (Poch.)- Same as settlement. Farmsteads, however, often have the significance of estates due to their agricultural nature. New settlements arising on the first raised site were called repairs. When the original courtyard was replaced by one or two others, it became a village.
Wasteland (Desolate)- The village turned into a wasteland if there were no residential courtyards left in it and the arable land was abandoned.
Selishche- A large village or settlement where there is more than one church.
Village (S.)- A village with a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants from different departments.
Seltso (Sel.)- A village of an exclusively property-owning nature with a manor house and various owner-owned establishments, or a village in which a landowner lives with peasants or several landowners. A village that was previously a village may also have the name.
Sloboda, Forshtat (Slob.)- A settlement with more than one church, a settlement outside a city or fortress.
Thorn- Prickly bush
Manor (Ust.)- They are of two kinds. The estates of the ecclesiastical department are similar to graveyards in terms of the nature of the population. Owner's estates differ either in their agricultural nature or as the location of landowners at a factory or plant
Shuitsa- Left hand.
Church land (CZ)- Land plot belonging to a church parish or monastery
If you don't know what the abbreviation is on the map, read our dictionary
Buyan-field - Flat, elevated place, open on all sides
Vzlobok - A small steep hill.
Veres - Juniper.
Volok (Volok) - Forest or forest clearing
Vspolye - The edge of the field, pasture.
Vyselok (Vyselok) - A small village, predominantly owned, located near single-patrimonial villages.
Greatest - Greatest, highest, highest.
City (G.) - A fortified or walled village. Management status assigned to a volost, district or provincial in relation to other settlements.
Griva - An oblong hill covered with forest.
Village - A village without a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants from various departments and live without a landowner.
Right hand - Right hand.
Dresva - Coarse sand.
Zapan - Backwater or river bay.
Zaseka (Zas.) - Defensive structure. It was a combination of dead wood apices, an earthen rampart and a ditch with forts and separate fortresses. The fortifications served as defensive lines that protected against raids by the Golden Horde, who systematically plundered and destroyed Russian cities and villages and took the population into captivity, as well as to protect roads.
Zybun (Zyb.) - A quagmire, an impassable (disastrous) place.
Koshevnik - Wood timber floated down the river.
Cumulus sands (Kuch.) - Accumulations of loose sand around bushes and shrubs... Height 30-50 cm, less often up to 1-2 m. In places they consist of gravel. They usually form in areas with close groundwater - on salt marshes, the coasts of lakes, seas and rivers.
Lying meadow - Worthless, bad meadow.
Monastery, monastery (Mon.) - These consist of various types of monastic hostels, the latter of which sometimes coincide in their meaning with graveyards or estates of the spiritual department.
Grange (m. or Grange) - If it is owned, then most of it is near single-patrimonial villages, or it has the meaning of an estate at a plant and factory, if it belongs to persons of the tax-paying classes.
Myanda - Pine.
Novina - Cleared but not plowed land in the forest.
Dump (Opt.) - A mound of waste rock, slag, formed during the development of mineral resources.
Oselok - Oselok Vlad. wasteland, a place abandoned by its inhabitants; fallow, lie low. Oselok, Oblesye, Oselok or obselye, psk. hard newly populated place, settlement, new settlements, settlement.
Oselye - Oselye is akin to an outskirts, the land around the village.
Perekop - Ditch.
Tares - Weed
Pogost (Pog. or Pogost) - Has a church and a population consisting of clergy and clergy. The word graveyard comes from the word guest. The place where merchants traded was called a graveyard. With the adoption of Christianity, churches began to be built near graveyards. In the 15-16th centuries. churchyards begin to die off, hence the word graveyard has a second meaning - a lonely church.
Undercut (Under.) - A cleared place in the forest.
Disgrace - Review, watch.
Midnight - North.
Posad (P. or Pos.) - An order of huts or a row of houses. A settled settlement located outside a city or fortress.
Pochinok, village and farm (Poch.) - Same as settlement. Farmsteads, however, often have the significance of estates due to their agricultural nature. New settlements arising on the first raised site were called repairs. When the original courtyard was replaced by one or two others, it became a village.
Wasteland (Pust.) - A village turned into a wasteland if there were no residential courtyards left in it and the arable land was abandoned.
Selishche - A large village or settlement where there is more than one church.
Village (S.) - A village with a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants from different departments.
Seltso (Sel.) - A village of exclusively owner-occupied nature with a manor house and various owner-owned establishments, or a village in which a landowner lives with peasants or several landowners. A village that was previously a village may also have the name.
Sloboda, Forshtat (Slob.) - A village with more than one church, a settlement outside a city or fortress.
Thorn - Prickly bush
Estate (Us.) - They are of two kinds. Estates of the ecclesiastical department are similar in character to graveyards. Owner's estates differ either in their agricultural nature or as the location of landowners at a factory or plant
Shuitsa - Left hand.
Church land (CL) - A plot of land belonging to a church parish or monastery
Buyan-field - Flat, elevated place, open on all sides
Vzlobok - A small steep hill.
Veres - Juniper.
Volok (Volok) - Forest or forest clearing
Vspolye - The edge of the field, pasture.
Vyselok (Vyselok) - A small village, predominantly owned, located near single-patrimonial villages.
Greatest - Greatest, highest, highest.
City (G.) - A fortified or walled village. Management status assigned to a volost, district or provincial in relation to other settlements.
Griva - An oblong hill covered with forest.
Village - A village without a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants from various departments and live without a landowner.
Right hand - Right hand.
Dresva - Coarse sand.
Zapan - Backwater or river bay.
Zaseka (Zas.) - Defensive structure. It was a combination of dead wood apices, an earthen rampart and a ditch with forts and separate fortresses. The fortifications served as defensive lines that protected against raids by the Golden Horde, who systematically plundered and destroyed Russian cities and villages and took the population into captivity, as well as to protect roads.
Zybun (Zyb.) - A quagmire, an impassable (disastrous) place.
Koshevnik - Wood timber floated down the river.
Cumulus sands (Kuch.) - Accumulations of loose sand around bushes and shrubs... Height 30-50 cm, less often up to 1-2 m. In places they consist of gravel. They usually form in areas with close groundwater - on salt marshes, the coasts of lakes, seas and rivers.
Lying meadow - Worthless, bad meadow.
Monastery, monastery (Mon.) - These consist of various types of monastic hostels, the latter of which sometimes coincide in their meaning with graveyards or estates of the spiritual department.
Grange (m. or Grange) - If it is owned, then most of it is near single-patrimonial villages, or it has the meaning of an estate at a plant and factory, if it belongs to persons of the tax-paying classes.
Myanda - Pine.
Novina - Cleared but not plowed land in the forest.
Dump (Opt.) - A mound of waste rock, slag, formed during the development of mineral resources.
Oselok - Oselok Vlad. wasteland, a place abandoned by its inhabitants; fallow, lie low. Oselok, Oblesye, Oselok or obselye, psk. hard newly populated place, settlement, new settlements, settlement.
Oselye - Oselye is akin to an outskirts, the land around the village.
Perekop - Ditch.
Tares - Weed
Pogost (Pog. or Pogost) - Has a church and a population consisting of clergy and clergy. The word graveyard comes from the word guest. The place where merchants traded was called a graveyard. With the adoption of Christianity, churches began to be built near graveyards. In the 15-16th centuries. churchyards begin to die off, hence the word graveyard has a second meaning - a lonely church.
Undercut (Under.) - A cleared place in the forest.
Disgrace - Review, watch.
Midnight - North.
Posad (P. or Pos.) - An order of huts or a row of houses. A settled settlement located outside a city or fortress.
Pochinok, village and farm (Poch.) - Same as settlement. Farmsteads, however, often have the significance of estates due to their agricultural nature. New settlements arising on the first raised site were called repairs. When the original courtyard was replaced by one or two others, it became a village.
Wasteland (Pust.) - A village turned into a wasteland if there were no residential courtyards left in it and the arable land was abandoned.
Selishche - A large village or settlement where there is more than one church.
Village (S.) - A village with a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants from different departments.
Seltso (Sel.) - A village of exclusively owner-occupied nature with a manor house and various owner-owned establishments, or a village in which a landowner lives with peasants or several landowners. A village that was previously a village may also have the name.
Sloboda, Forshtat (Slob.) - A village with more than one church, a settlement outside a city or fortress.
Thorn - Prickly bush
Estate (Us.) - They are of two kinds. Estates of the ecclesiastical department are similar in character to graveyards. Owner's estates differ either in their agricultural nature or as the location of landowners at a factory or plant
Shuitsa - Left hand.
Church land (CL) - A plot of land belonging to a church parish or monastery
I think there is no need to tell you what importance maps have in finding coins and treasures. The success of most events depends on their presence or absence. If in the old days the simple desire to get out into the fields was quite enough, now the situation has changed radically. All more or less well-known tracts, yes, even those completely lost in forests and steppes, turned out to be quite thoroughly cleaned for ancient finds.
To continue to expand your collection or simply enjoy being a cop, you have to increasingly demonstrate remarkable abilities in the field of finding untrodden places. In this matter, the most important role is played by maps of bygone centuries.
Currently, many of them are available to anyone, but as the advertisement says, they are not all equally useful. Yes it is, most of Of these, they are only suitable for planning trips to selected places.
Below we will tell you what types of cards there are, reveal their features and characterize them from the point of view of their usefulness in business.
General Survey Plan - PGM (1780-1830)
Topographic materials began to be actively created under Peter I, at which time a large number of geographical atlases of the empire saw the light. During the reign of Catherine II, these works were continued. They, like Peter’s, were also not particularly accurate, but, nevertheless, they still conveyed the necessary and necessary information.
It was under Catherine the Great that the process of mass land surveying began. Its essence was as follows - the entire territory of the country was divided into counties, which in turn consisted of so-called dacha plans, which were nothing more than plots of owners (allotments) who had confirmed rights to them and established boundaries. All of them received numbers; to decipher them, an additional Economic Note was later issued for the land survey plans.
These publications can hardly be called maps, because... They are still far from accurate and look more like diagrams and drawings. But you can still get a lot from them useful information on the emergence or existence of a particular settlement at that time.
Maps of Mende (1849-1866)
The names of these, and subsequently many other maps, were given by the names of the people who made the greatest contribution to their development and creation. All of them were based on and had the basis of publications created under Catherine and Paul I; it was on these undertakings that the further development of the much-needed, in primarily for the military, modern maps.
New realities of that time revealed the need to create more accurate and detailed maps, than the existing Military Road 40-verst publications. Taking the PGM as a basis and conducting large-scale cartographic surveys, military topographers under the leadership of A.I. The Mende began to create new detailed publications.
A total of two varieties were released.:
— one-verst, scale 1 inch equals 1 verst or 1cm equals 420m
- two-verst, scale is 1 inch 2 versts or 1cm 840m.
Such detailed publications appeared in 8 provinces, although surveys of the area were carried out in 21 provinces over 17 years.
Provinces
1 and 2 versts - Tverskaya, Vladimirskaya, Ryazanskaya, Penza, Simbirskaya and Tambovskaya.
1 verst - Nizhny Novgorod and Penza.
Schubert maps (1860-1870)
Under the leadership of F.F. Schubert, who headed the Corps of Military Topographers at the beginning of the 19th century, a 10-verst map of the Western part was created Russian Empire on 60 sheets. But it, like the border 4- and 5-verst points, turned out to be not very convenient, so work soon began on another.
The new map, a three-layout map, was first created under the leadership of Major General P. A. Tuchkov (until 1851), and then work continued with the participation of Schubert. The period of its creation covers the second half of the 19th century, starting in 1846.
Scale - 1 inch is 3 versts or 1260m in 1cm.
The main part of the work was done before 1863 (435 sheets), later the work was not suspended (in 1886 - 508 sheets), but basically it came down to adding and clarifying previous editions.
They contained cartographic material for all provinces of the European part of the empire (with the exception of Moscow) and parts of the adjacent territories (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Baltic states).
This map is distinguished by good detail, showing the type of relief and the nature of the area: forest, swamp, rivers and streams, bridges, crossings, etc. It contains all significant objects, from city maps to villages indicating the number of courtyards, churches, mills, field and forest roads.
When using these materials, it is worth remembering two important features:
1) The accuracy of marking various objects has some error, for example, for the most significant ones it can range from 50 to 200m, for others - from 100 to 500m, and sometimes more.
2) When designating villages, it was customary to subdivide them by size using font; the names of large villages (20 or more households) were written in normal font, small villages and hamlets in italics.
Maps of Strelbitsky
Since 1865 I.A. Strelbitsky, who at that time was part of the military topographic department at the General Staff, was tasked with updating and supplementing the Special Map of the European Part of Russia. Under his leadership, work continued from 1865 to 1871. The publication consisted of 178 pages and covered the provinces located in the center of the country, as well as parts of the adjacent western and southern territories.
Scale: 1 inch is 10 versts or 1cm is 4200m.
Subsequently, it served as the basis for the creation of similar publications until the mid-20th century.
Red Army
These cards are abbreviated as the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. These works have been published since the 20s of the 20th century. Of course, for the most part they were based on publications published before the 1917 revolution (mostly layouts were used) and covered primarily Western regions countries. They were published from 1925 to 1941. Scale - from 250m to 5km.
They were produced with a number of additions and improvements, so they were actively used during the Second World War.
These maps are characterized by very clear detail and detail; they show all roads, including the smallest ones, settlements indicating the number of households, and other objects of interest from the point of view of military tactics. The vast majority of sheets are made in color, but there are also black and white options.
Their usefulness is certainly high, due to the fact that many villages disappeared immediately or some time after the end of the war.
General Staff
From the name it is clear that they were produced for military needs, although they were also used by other services, for example, geodetic, topographical, geological, etc. These include publications released after the Second World War, which again represent improved and modified previous maps. They all have the same shape - the territory is divided into sheets, each of them in turn is divided into squares.
Initially, they were considered secret and it was almost impossible to get them in Soviet times. Now many (not all) of them are available for use.
Taking into account the fact that the General Staff has a significantly smaller error relative to the coordinate grid, it makes sense to use them (in the absence of old ones) to search for areas and plan travel routes.
The scale of such maps is very diverse, ranging from 500 meters to 10 kilometers.
In addition to the above cards, of course, there are many other interesting ones. For example, in the 19th century, many provinces published their own governor’s maps; many search engines also enjoyed great success with German (KDWR), Polish (WIG), which are essentially redrawn Russian layouts.
All maps can be used literally, so to speak, but if you can find at least something from the Soviet General Staff (at least villages that existed after the war), then from verst maps it is much more difficult to do this, they require reference to the area. This is done using special programs, and then the processed materials are loaded into the navigator.
Filming of the area taken tens and even hundreds of years ago is the history of our country. They will provide invaluable assistance not only to amateurs, but also to those who simply love to travel, study their region, its origins and development, and those who simply want to know the origins of their family.
